Testament quotations in the Mishnah and the New Testament. “By far the majority of quotations in the Mishnah are introduced by the verb ʾmr.”48 The forms of the verb most frequently used are the participle ʾwmr and the niphal nʾmr (or šnʾmr), with some other variations. But there is not one formula in Metzger’s list that corresponds to anything in my list constructed from the Qumran texts.49 The Mishnah also uses the root ktb in both nominal and verbal forms, but not one of the examples listed by